Ada Website Helper

    Subscribe to Updates

    Get the latest creative news from FooBar about art, design and business.

    What's Hot

    Bridging the Gender Gap: Inspiring Words from the Women Making Waves on Starship | Annie Handrick | | Starship Technologies | March 2023

    March 8, 2023

    AI apps like ChatGPT may finally kill the cover letter

    March 8, 2023

    Snow Crash author Neal Stephenson on the metaverse, making movies, climate fears

    March 6, 2023
    Facebook Twitter Instagram
    Ada Website Helper
    • Home
    • Autism

      Autism diagnosis rates have tripled in the last 16 years, says new study

      February 2, 2023

      Autism provider AnswersNow raises $11 million to expand state footprint

      February 2, 2023

      Autism Awareness Comes to Lawrence Police Headquarters – Trentonian

      February 2, 2023

      A felon charged with impersonating a therapist at Michigan autism treatment center ordered to trial

      February 2, 2023

      Autism Society Philippines and SM Cares Meet on Autism

      February 2, 2023
    • Disabilities

      Litigation improves accessibility to voters for people with print disabilities.news

      February 2, 2023

      Stress Relief and Mental Health Support

      February 2, 2023

      ‘Extraordinary’ Court Order Granted To Allow Severely Disabled Women To Attend Neurology Appointments – The Irish Times

      February 2, 2023

      Community Public Heath Liaison – Disability Scoop Jobs

      February 2, 2023

      People with disabilities in rural areas struggle to recover from recession | Conversation

      February 2, 2023
    • Disability

      Southern District of Georgia | Lawrence County man pays reparations and could face federal jail for disability fraud

      February 2, 2023

      Hitting the Snow with New Courses on Accessibility and Disability Justice

      February 2, 2023

      ASBMB Calls for Broad Federal Efforts to Support Scientists with Disabilities

      February 2, 2023

      State abortion bans based on gender, disability, or race are not a remedy for eugenics, paper says

      February 2, 2023

      New Guidance on Hearing Impairment in the Workplace – Monterey Herald

      February 2, 2023
    • Literature

      Seattle Department of Arts and Culture Names 2023-2024 Seattle Citizen Poet Xin Yu Pai

      February 2, 2023

      ‘Correct Prison Manual’: Female Baloch Inmates Released After Passing Baloch Literature Exam

      February 2, 2023

      Researchers use AI to make texts thousands of years old readable

      February 2, 2023

      “Dream in the Crimson Room” is performed as toe art

      February 2, 2023

      Literature and books: Portsmouth news and information (Portsmouth)

      February 2, 2023
    • Living

      Delicious Living Magazine double winner for Kiss My Faces Moisture Shave at the 2023 Beauty & Body Awards.

      February 2, 2023

      Tracy’s tutor sells Christine Quinn’s house in Sunset

      February 2, 2023

      The man lived in a garage before filming in Opa Locka

      February 2, 2023

      Barcaro Buffalo Living & Commerce Announces Pace Strength and Conditioning as New Tenant

      February 2, 2023

      Self Help – Estes Park Trail Gazette

      February 2, 2023
    • Society

      The Outer Banks Voice – Phi Island Preservation Society Announces Three Events Celebrating Black History

      February 2, 2023

      Peninsula Humane Society & SPCA Pet of the Week: Kesha and Gosha

      February 2, 2023

      SML Chapter of Antique and Classic Boat Association Holds Winter Workshop

      February 2, 2023

      Ida B. Wells Society moves from UNC-Chapel Hill to Morehouse College

      February 2, 2023

      Wilton Historical Society Weekend Workshop

      February 2, 2023
    Facebook Twitter Instagram
    Ada Website Helper
    Home»Autism»Unconventional optogenetic techniques drive long-lasting changes in neuronal activity.spectrum
    Autism

    Unconventional optogenetic techniques drive long-lasting changes in neuronal activity.spectrum

    adawebsitehelper_ts8fwmBy adawebsitehelper_ts8fwmJanuary 9, 20234 Mins Read
    Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn WhatsApp Reddit Tumblr Email
    Share
    Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Email


    The figure shows cultured human kidney cells and cultured rat cortical neurons in response to light exposure.

    Lit: Cultured human kidney cells accumulate electrically insulating (left) or conducting (middle) polymers when exposed to light. Insulating polymers enhance excitability, as shown in cultured rat cortical neurons (right).

    Adapted from Sessler, and others.

    A new form of optogenetics activates or suppresses neurons longer than previous versions, according to a December study. scientific progress. The technology could be used in the laboratory to permanently increase or decrease the activity of neurons involved in brain signaling imbalances thought to underlie autism, or involved in seizures. says the researchers.

    In conventional optogenetics, neurons are turned on or off with flashes of light that open and close light-sensitive ion channels. Opening channels that add positive charge to the interior of the neuron promotes cell firing, whereas opening channels that increase negative charge suppresses firing. By manipulating conductivity in this way in animal models of autism, we were able to identify cells responsible for some of the hallmarks of autism.

    However, the effect of this technique is short-lived. [their charge] Jia Liu, an assistant professor of engineering and applied sciences at Harvard University who co-led the new study, said, “We’re back at baseline levels.” “It forces the cells to excite or depress. But none of the intrinsic properties of the circuit are being manipulated,” he says.

    To promote lasting change, Liu and his colleagues created a new light-sensitive enzyme that modulates another component of neural excitability: membrane capacity, the amount of charge cell membranes can hold. Once activated, the enzyme initiates the assembly of synthetic polymer layers on and within the neuronal membrane. Depending on the type of polymer used, the newly deposited layer can either insulate neurons, decreasing membrane capacitance and increasing excitability, or increase neuronal conductance, increasing membrane capacitance and decreasing excitability. I can.

    Because the polymer stays in place and maintains the membrane’s new capacitance even after the light is shut off, it could theoretically encourage the rest of the cellular network to adapt to new functional patterns. There is, says Liu. “The properties of cells have changed fundamentally.”

    L.iu and his colleagues used a harmless virus to deliver genes for light-sensitive enzymes into cultured human kidney cells. Cells were then treated with one of two amine-based monomer solutions, depending on whether the purpose was insulating or conductive. Using light to activate the enzyme, each monomer was oxidized and polymerized on and within the cell membrane.

    The researchers next tested the polymer on cultured rat cortical neurons. There, too, light led to the formation of polymers that altered the electrical properties of cell membranes. Insulating polymers decreased membrane capacitance and increased neuronal excitability, while conducting polymers had the opposite effect.

    The team also observed that the longer the cells were exposed to light, the more polymer accumulated in the cell membrane. Liu and his team didn’t test how long the polymer lasted, but in their experiment the change in membrane capacitance remained after his three days, the most recent time point they measured. was

    The technique builds on work Liu did as a postdoctoral researcher in Zhenan Bao’s lab at Stanford University in California, where he used similar enzymes to build synthetic polymers on neurons and membranes on them. Changed capacity. But the enzyme wasn’t sensitive to light and produced a toxic byproduct, hydrogen peroxide.The amount of hydrogen peroxide released was enough to kill the cells, Liu says.

    A new light-sensitive enzyme produces toxic byproducts called reactive oxygen species. But the enzyme’s photosensitivity allows the growth of synthetic polymers to be carefully guided by altering the timing of the cell’s exposure to light, he says. By having neurons express only small amounts of new enzymes and more precisely controlling the amount of polymers produced using light, the amount of toxic byproducts appears to be minimized. and untreated cells revealed cell staining regardless of which polymer was produced. Still, the level of dead cells was slightly elevated in the treatment group. More work is needed to mitigate this toxicity, he said.

    “This work represents a significant improvement [over] Their previous technique may lead to better in vivo studies, especially in terms of toxicity,” said Longzhi Tan, an assistant professor of neurobiology at Stanford University, who said he believes the study not involved in This new technique could help examine transcriptional and epigenetic changes after optogenetic manipulation in both wild-type mice and mice that model the human condition, he says.

    Liu and his colleagues are now testing whether the optogenetic technique works in living mouse brains. They also screen various enzymes, looking for those that do not produce toxic byproducts, especially during prolonged illumination.



    Source link

    Share. Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn WhatsApp Reddit Tumblr Email
    adawebsitehelper_ts8fwm
    • Website

    Related Posts

    Autism February 2, 2023

    Autism diagnosis rates have tripled in the last 16 years, says new study

    Autism February 2, 2023

    Autism provider AnswersNow raises $11 million to expand state footprint

    Autism February 2, 2023

    Autism Awareness Comes to Lawrence Police Headquarters – Trentonian

    Autism February 2, 2023

    A felon charged with impersonating a therapist at Michigan autism treatment center ordered to trial

    Autism February 2, 2023

    Autism Society Philippines and SM Cares Meet on Autism

    Autism February 2, 2023

    Autism can be diagnosed within the first month of life

    Leave A Reply Cancel Reply

    Don't Miss
    News March 8, 2023

    Bridging the Gender Gap: Inspiring Words from the Women Making Waves on Starship | Annie Handrick | | Starship Technologies | March 2023

    Author: Lys VerthalIn honor of International Women’s Day today, we’ve compiled a list of powerful…

    AI apps like ChatGPT may finally kill the cover letter

    March 8, 2023

    Snow Crash author Neal Stephenson on the metaverse, making movies, climate fears

    March 6, 2023

    A new era of tech coverage at Vox

    March 6, 2023
    Stay In Touch
    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • Pinterest
    • Instagram
    About Us

    This website provides information about disability and other things. Keep Supporting Us With the Latest News and we Will Provide the Best Of Our To Makes You Updated All Around The World News. Keep Sporting US.

    Our Picks

    Bridging the Gender Gap: Inspiring Words from the Women Making Waves on Starship | Annie Handrick | | Starship Technologies | March 2023

    March 8, 2023

    AI apps like ChatGPT may finally kill the cover letter

    March 8, 2023

    Snow Crash author Neal Stephenson on the metaverse, making movies, climate fears

    March 6, 2023

    Subscribe to Updates

    Get the latest creative news from SmartMag about art & design.

    Facebook Twitter Instagram Pinterest
    • Home
    • Contact us
    • DMCA
    • Privacy Policy
    © 2023 adawebsitehelper. Designed b yadawebsitehelper.

    Type above and press Enter to search. Press Esc to cancel.